Color Coded Latin: A Teaching Method


RELATIVE PRONOUNS

All forms of WHO/WHICH
© 2011 by Kathleen Canning

TABLE 1

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SingularMFN
NominativeQuiQuaeQuod
GenitiveCuiusCuiusCuius
DativeCuiCuiCui
AccusativeQuemQuamQuod
AblativeQuoQuaQuod
PluralMFN
NominativeQuiQuaeQuae
GenitiveQuorumQuarumQuorum
DativeQuibusQuibusQuibus
AccusativeQuosQuasQuae
AblativeQuibusQuibusQuibus

Relative pronouns have endings like both 2nd and 3rd declension adjectives. Don't let that confuse you. Just continue to match the gender and number as you have other adjectives. However, case is a different story.

The Relative Pronouns will agree with the noun that is their antecendent in gender and number BUT in Latin they take their cases from use WITHIN their own clause.

TABLE 2Relative Pronouns Qui Quae Quod Table 2

SINGULAR AND PLURAL ENGLISH
Nominativewhowhich
Genitivewhose or of whomof which
Dativeto whomto which
Accusativewhomwhich
Ablativeby/with whomby/with which

SAMPLES:
The man to whom you are speaking is my friend's uncle.
Main clause: The man is my friend's uncle.
Dependent clause: to whom you are speaking
Uncle is the antecedent (the noun before) therefore the form of (who) will be masculine and singular like uncle.
Within its own clause (to whom) is being used as an indirect object therefore the relative pronoun will be put into the Dative Case.
So, you are looking at Masc. Sing. and Dative = CUI
The soldiers with whom they fought were from Greece.
Masculine & plural based on soldiers and ablative based on (with whom.) = QUIBUS
She is the woman who fills the water jars at the well.
Feminine & singular based on woman and nominative as (who) is the subject of the dependent clause. = QUAE

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