Color Coded Latin: A Teaching Method
by Kathleen Canning
© 2011
Download "Color Coded" Latin Teaching Method
- Preface
- Color Chart
- First Declension
- Second Declension
- Third Declension
- Fourth Declension
- Fifth Declension
- First Conjugation
- Second Conjugation
- Third Conjugation
- Fourth Conjugation
- Irregular Verbs
- Latin Sentences Using Declensions and Conjugations
- The Genitive Case
- The Dative Case
- Prepositional Phrases
- Pronouns
- Interrogative Pronouns
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Subjunctive ARE Verbs
- Subjunctive Long ERE 2nd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive ERE 3rd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive I-Stem 3rd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive IRE 4th Conjugation Verbs
PRONOUNS:
Personal Pronouns:
In Latin there are specific pronouns for I and its plural We and for You and its plural You.
Forms of the third person He/they will borrow from another chart.
For people who don't quite grasp when to use I or me, he or him, this is the perfect way to master it.
Later we will solve the Who/ Whom problem.
EGO/NOS and TU/VOS do not have separate words for masculine, feminine and neuter.
| I | WE | (SINGULAR) | (PL.) | ||
| nominative | (subjects_&_P.N.) | EGO | NOS | I | WE |
| genitive | (ownership) | MEI | NOSTRUM | MINE | OURS |
| dative | (indirect_objects) | MIHI | NOBIS | TO ME | TO US |
| accusative | (direct_objects_&_phrases) | ME | NOS | ME | US |
| ablative | (phrases) | ME | NOBIS | BY ME | BY US |
| YOU | YOU | (SINGULAR) | (PL.) | ||
| nominative | (subjects_&_P.N.) | TU | VOS | YOU | YOU |
| genitive | (ownership) | TUI | VESTRUM | YOURS | YOURS |
| dative | (indirect_objects) | TIBI | VOBIS | TO YOU | TO YOU |
| accusative | (direct_objects_&_phrases) | TE | VOS | YOU | YOU |
| ablative | (phrases) | TE | VOBIS | BY YOU | BY YOU |
There is no specific pronoun in Latin for 3rd person pronouns in the singular or plural.
Latin uses the chart for demonstratives to form 3rd person pronouns. Using this chart allows for the gender of each pronoun to be expressed unlike Ego and Tu.
The following chart will explain all forms of He-She-It. This chart can also be used for demonstrative adjectives which will modify nouns. We will use it as a demonstrative adjective chart in the next lesson.
For right now it will serve to translate third person pronouns.
The column starting with he is masculine , she is feminine and it is neuter. The plural follows the same order. The singulars need to be memorized but the plurals are no more than the endings from 1st and 2nd declension nouns with an (e) in front of them.
| _ | M | F | N | M | F | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HE | SHE | IT | THEY | THEY | THEY | |
| nominative | is | ea | id | ei | eae | ea |
| genitive | eius | eius | eius | eorum | earum | eorum |
| dative | ei | ei | ei | eis | eis | eis |
| accusative | eum | eam | id | eos | eas | eos |
| ablative | eo | ea | eo | eis | eis | eis |
| IS | EA | ID | EI | EAE | EA | |
| nominative | he | she | it | they | they | they |
| genitive | his | hers | its | theirs | theirs | theirs |
| dative_(TO) | him | her | it | them | them | them |
| accusative | him | her | it | them | them | them |
| ablative_(BY) | him | her | it | them | them | them |
The nominative is for all subjects and predicate nouns -- I-you-he-we-you-they
The genitive shows ownership -- mine-yours-his-ours-yours-theirs
The dative is for an indirect object -- (to/for) me-you-him-us-you-them
The accusative is for direct objects & phrases -- me-you-him-us-you-them
The ablative is for phrases -- (by) /with) me-you-him-us-you-them
The first line is used with subjects and predicate nouns.
The second line shows ownership.
The third line is for indirect objects.
The fourth line is for direct objects / phrases.
The fifth line is for various phrases /constructions.
NEVER SAY:
- The boy and me went to the store.
- It is between you and I.
- Him and me did it.
- They went with my friend and I.
How the pronoun looks in its sentence:
| Dedit mihi pecuniam - | He gave me money - | Dative |
| Vocavit eum in agros - | He called him into the fields - | Accusative |
| Erat cum nobis in oppido - | He was with us in town - | Ablative |
You can , and often will, use the verb ending as your pronoun subject.
Portamus frumentum ad oppidum - We
Vocatis pueros ex agris - You
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